Solar energy panels are photovoltaic (PV) devices to produce electricity from sunlight. They are made of semiconductors, most commonly the semiconductor silicon.

Solar Panels come in many sizes, colors, performance characteristics and brands. Eco Smart provides solar panels of world top brands with UL listing, TUV certification and long time manufacturer warranty at wholesale prices.

How solar panel convert electricity?

Solar power can be converted to electricity in photovoltaic (PV) cells, which are casually called solar cells. A solar cell is made of specially treated silicon wafer with p-n junction. When photon of light strikes the top of the wafer, it can penetrate through the p-n junctions and free an electron, which can cross the junction into the n-type region. Free electrons are then held in the n-region, being unable to return into the p-region. This creates a voltage of about 0.5-0.6 volts under open circuit (no-load) condition. When connected to a load, a typical commercial PV cell can produce about from 0.5 to 2.0 watt of electrical power. In conventional small solar electric systems 32 to 40 cells are connected in series into modules (or panels). Such panels can produce voltages of up to 20 V at open circuit and about 16-17 V at peak power. These voltages are suitable for charging 12V batteries via charge regulators. There are also commercial modules with nominal voltages 24V or 48V. The characteristics of the solar panel are basically the same as those of the cells, only scaled up in voltage and/or current based on the number of solar cells used and their connection.

For the longest length of time of direct sunlight on the panels, they should ideally face true south if you are in the northern hemisphere, and true north if you in the southern hemisphere. The tilt should be close to your latitude.